MANILA, Philippines — The League of Provinces of the Philippines expressed support for President Rodrigo Duterte’s proclamation of martial law in Mindanao.

The proclamation came after the eruption of the Marawi clash that caused residents to hide then later evacuate from the city and head toward neighboring municipalities and provinces.

"We believe that the act of President [Rodrigo] Duterte in declaring martial law is indeed a decisive move on the part of the country’s commander-in-chief,” said the league which is composed of the country's governors.

They said that the proclamation will enable the national government to "immediately suppress lawless violence and neutralize the tense situation” in the city. (READ: TIMELINE: Marawi clashes prompt martial law in all of Mindanao)

While they supported the President’s call, the league condemned the violance that erupted from the incident.

“We condemn in no uncertain terms the spate of violence and hostilities in the City of Marawi allegedly perpetrated by suspected members of the Maute Group, which has cost the loss of lives, the destruction of several properties, the disruption of services of vital public installations and services, and instilling fear and anxiety in the general populace,” they said.

They also committed, as local chief executives, to be more vigilant in promoting security in the government units they head. (READ: What happens to local government units during martial law?)

“We extend our assistance and support to our beleaguered brothers and sisters as we continue to pray for sustained peace in our nation, especially Mindanao,” they said.

The public statement was signed by Governors Anthony del Rosario, Al Bichara, and Ryan Singson who. They occupy the posts of executive vice president, national chairman, and national president, respectively. – Rappler.com

NEW YORK, USA –  Amazon co-founder Jeff Bezos is giving $1 million to the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, the largest-ever gift to the media rights watchdog.

The gift from Bezos, who also owns the Washington Post newspaper, was announced at the organization's awards dinner on Tuesday, May 23.

"This generous gift will help us continue to grow, to offer our legal and educational support to many more news organizations, and to expand our services to independent journalists, nonprofit newsrooms and documentary filmmakers," Reporters Committee chairman David Boardman said.

"We'll also be better positioned to help local newsrooms, the places hit hardest by the disruption in the news industry and whose survival is every bit as crucial to American democracy as those entities headquartered in Washington and New York."

The Reporters Committee also announced it will play a role in administering the First Look Media Press Freedom Defense Fund of up to $6 million.

First Look, a news organization established by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, announced separately Tuesday it will increase its funding for its press freedom fund to $2 million and offer an additional $2 million in matching funds.

Both Bezos and Omidyar in recent months have cited a need for efforts to support an independent press.

Bezos said last year during President Donald Trump's campaign that the candidate was "working to freeze or chill the media that are examining him."

The Omidyar Network, a philanthropy established by the eBay founder, last month pledged $100 million to support independent and investigative journalism worldwide.

Omidyar said in a tweet about the initiative last month: "The fight against misinformation, authoritarian lies, and online abuse is a fight we can win." – Rappler.com

ILIGAN CITY, Philippines – Up to 78 civilians were held captive by the Maute Group inside the Amai Pakpak Medical Center on Tuesday, May 23, when the local terrorist group occupied the public hospital.

All were rescued, according to the military with the hospital declared "cleared of Maute presence" on Wednesday, May 24.

"At 3:00 pm today, the Amai Pakpak Hospital where Maute members accordingly occupied and held captive some 78 civilians was already declared cleared of Maute presence," said Captain Jo-Ann Petinglay, spokesman of the Western Mindanao Command. 

More civilians were rescued in other facilities attacked by the Maute Group on Tuesday, estimated to be a total of 120 civilians.

Others were not as lucky. At least 4 residents, including a priest, were reportedly taken by the terrorist group. (READ: Marawi bishop: Priest, 4 others held hostage by Maute)

The Maute Group killed a cop and a security guard, and then took hostages – 8 patients, 49 construction workers, and 21 hospital staff –  on Tuesday when they forced hospital staff to treat two of their wounded colleagues.

Rappler sources said they left the hospital late evening on Tuesday as clashes with the military raged.

In Dansalan College, one of the buildings where fire broke out, they rescued up to 42 teachers who were trapped. It was also declared "clear of Maute presence" Wednesday afternoon. 

Five soldiers and 13 members of the terror groups were killed in the clashes, based on military reports. Up to 31 soldiers were wounded.

Clashes erupted on Tuesday as the military moved to hunt down Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon, who was spotted in Marawi City. 

Hapilon, who reportedly has direct links to international terrorist group Islamic State (ISIS), joined the Maute Group in Lanao Del Sur supposedly to establish an Islamic caliphate in Central Mindanao. – Rappler.com  

MANILA, Philippines – A copy of President Rodrigo Duterte's Proclamation No. 216 declaring martial law in Mindanao was released on Wednesday evening, May 24.

The proclamation, signed on Tuesday, May 23, while Duterte was in Russia for an official visit, also suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in Mindanao.

"Habeas corpus" is a Latin phrase that means "that you have the body."

Through the writ of habeas corpus, a court can order the state to produce the physical body of a person detained. "In general, the purpose of the writ of habeas corpus is to determine whether or not a particular person is legally held," the Supreme Court (SC) said in a previous ruling.

"The suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in, or directly connected with, invasion," according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

"During the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released."

Proclamation No. 216 cited as justification "the series of violent acts committed by the Maute terrorist group" last year as well as their attack on Marawi City on Tuesday. The clashes in the city have left at least 5 soldiers dead and forced thousands to flee.

"This recent attack [on Tuesday] shows the capability of the Maute group and other rebel groups to sow terror, and cause death and damage to property not only in Lanao del Sur but also in other parts of Mindanao," states the proclamation. (READ: FAST FACTS: What you should know about the Maute Group)

Below is a copy of the two-page Proclamation No. 216.

Duterte warned on Wednesday that he will be "harsh" in implementing martial law, which he said "will not be any different" from the military rule under dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

Duterte also said he might expand martial law to include Luzon and the Visayas if the threat of the Islamic State (ISIS) persists. (READ: Maute Group waves ISIS black flag on Marawi streets)

If the President wants to extend martial law beyond the 60 days specified in the 1987 Constitution, he must get the approval of Congress.

Section 18, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution says that the President, as commander-in-chief, may "in case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it" suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the country under martial law.

Crafted after the EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos in 1986, the 1987 Constitution highlights the role of other branches of government in the martial law declaration. The provisions are meant precisely to prevent grave abuse and stop another Marcos from tinkering with civil rights.

Congress may revoke the declaration of martial law, while the SC may review it following an "appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen." (READ: Martial Law 101: Things you should know) – Rappler.com

MOSCOW, Russia – The Philippines' trade and tourism chiefs sought to downplay concerns that the imposition of martial law in Mindanao would set back their sectors. 

In a news conference here on Wednesday, May 24, Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez called the continuing attacks of the Maute group in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, an "isolated incident" that won't stunt the country's economic growth.

He said he would give this assurance to Russian businessmen during the Philippines-Russia business forum he was to address that day. 

"We want to project that what happened yesterday was really an isolated incident," he said.

"We want to project that the Philippines has this growth momentum; that that incident will not, in any way, counter the growth momentum we have," he added.

It was the "isolated" situation in Marawi that convinced President Rodrigo Duterte to make good on his threat to declare martial law in Mindanao. The Chief Executive volunteered in a news briefing upon his arrival in Manila on Wednesday that he might consider expanding martial rule nationwide if the terror threat persist.

The Maute group held a hospital and other establishments in Marawi, driving Marawi residents to flee to nearby provinces.(READ: Thousands flee Marawi to escape clashes)

Tourism Secretary Wanda Teo said her office will continue promoting Philippine tourism despite the martial law declaration. (READ: LOOK: Proclamation No. 216)

She expressed confidence that tourists would "still come" despite martial rule in  Mindanao, even after Duterte himself confirmed that the threat of the terrorist group Islamic State (ISIS) justified the declaration. (READ: Duterte says martial law due to ISIS threat)

"We will continue to promote the Philippines as a destination in spite of the martial law. I am confident tourists will still come to the country," she said. 

Foreign Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano expressed confidence that Duterte's martial law declaration will be short-lived, as the new Cabinet official counted on the military to deal with the problem swiftly.

"Of course the travel advisories will one way or another will [affect] us but they have pretty good intelligence which areas are safe," said the country's top diplomat. 

"We're all praying it will be  a short period and the President said as soon as the problem is solved, he will lift it," said Cayetano.– Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – It was his dream to find success so he could lead his family out of a life of hardship too familiar to many Filipinos.

Fredie Solar found a way to achieve that dream when he got into the Philippine National Police Academy, where he graduated as part of the Sansinirangan Class of 2007.

He eventually joined the police force and was assigned to Mindanao.

Senior Inspector Solar's dream came to an abrupt halt on May 23, 2017, after he was killed during an operation against suspected members of the terrorist Maute Group in Marawi City in Lanao del Sur.

“Numerous times, we pleaded for him to come back to Baguio. We asked him to apply for reassignment at any other place in the Philippines except Mindanao,” shared Solar’s sister, Susan, in a lengthy Facebook post accompanied by her late brother’s graduation picture.

Solar was among the first government casualties in an ongoing operation against alleged members of the terror group in Marawi City. He left behind a wife and two young children.

At least 5 soldiers were also killed as a result of sporadic gunfights against the terror group who, unbeknownst to government troops, had numerous members and supporters embedded in the city. Marawi City Mayor Majul Usman Gandamra said there were between 100 to 200 Maute members all over the city.

“At first, it was just patriotism that drove him to be in there. And as days and years passed, he still ignored our request to work for his reassignment but he always assured us that it is safe there. He said, the people there respect him and this was enough for him to stay. He has come to love the people of Marawi,” Susan said in her FB post.

Susan also shared their family's situation in Baguio which was far from comfortable – the kind of life that her brother wanted to change.

“Our father can hardly make ends meet. Oftentimes, we go to our neighbors and ask for sayote tops or camote tops just to have something to eat. We begged at the store to lend us rice just so we can cook something. Life was really hard but this did not stop my brother to pursue his calling and achieve his dreams. He experienced hardship and this became his bread and butter to achieve his goals in life,” Susan said.

Solar was the head of the region's drug enforcement group, the unit tasked to handle illegal drug cases. He was once police chief of Malabang, a town roughly two hours away from Marawi City. 

The police official was apparently in Marawi to accompany his wife to a hospital, where he encountered the armed men. 

His sister’s tribute has gone viral on social media as the public waits for more news about the clashes in Marawi.

“We have a lot of questions but we cannot find the answer. We can only lift everything to God. My brother may not have attained his goal to be a guest speaker at his alma mater but one thing is for sure, we know that his alma mater is proud of him, and we will always be proud of him,” Susan said.

Government forces are still conducting clearing operations in the city, amid a massive exodus of residents.

Citing the Maute Group’s attempt to take over or destroy buildings in the city, clashes in Marawi and the hoisting of ISIS flags in the city, President Rodrigo Duterte placed the entire Mindanao island group under martial law on the evening of May 23. He made the decision while on an official trip Russia that was eventually cut short.

Duterte also suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in Mindanao.

The declaration is in place for 60 days and can be revoked by Congress, which is populated by Duterte allies. The Supreme Court may review the basis of the declaration if a case is brought before it. – Rappler.com

CAIRO, Egypt – Egypt blocked several media websites on Wednesday, May 24, including those belonging to the Qatari Al-Jazeera news channel and an opposition television station based in Turkey, a security official said.

Mada Masr, an independent Egyptian media outlet that has published investigative reports on corruption, was also inaccessible on Wednesday night.

Egypt has accused Jazeera of supporting the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood movement it blames for violence after the military ousted them from power in 2013.

The website for Al-Sharq, a pro-Brotherhood channel based in Turkey, was also blocked.

The security official said 21 websites had been blocked but one of those he listed was still accessible. – Rappler.com

MANCHESTER, United Kingdom – Twenty-two people were killed in the May 22 suicide attack on a Manchester pop concert, including an 8-year-old girl, teenagers, and several parents who had come to collect their children.

Here are the victims named so far in the deadliest terror attack in Britain since the 2005 London bombings:

'Beautiful little girl'

Eight-year-old Saffie Rose Roussos from Leyland in Lancashire, northwest England, is the youngest victim among those named so far.
She attended the concert with her mother and older sister who, friends said, were both being treated in the hospital.

Chris Upton, head teacher at the Tarleton Community Primary School, described Roussos as "a beautiful little girl."

"She was loved by everyone and her warmth and kindness will be remembered fondly," he said.

'Center of attention'

Public relations manager Martyn Hett, from Stockport near Manchester, had appeared on television shows like Come Dine With Me and Tattoo Fixers.

His brother, Dan, confirmed his death on Twitter saying: "They found my brother last night. We are heartbroken."

His friend, Russell Hayward, said: "Our wonderful, iconic and beautiful Martyn didn't survive. He left this world exactly how he lived: center of attention."

'Family was her life'

Michelle Kiss was a loving wife to Tony and mother to Dylan, Elliot and Millie, her family said in a statement.

"Family was her life and we are all obviously devastated by her loss. She has been taken away from us, and all that love her, in the most traumatic way imaginable," they said.

'Having an amazing time'

Olivia Campbell, 15, had been enjoying the concert with friend Adam. He survived and was being treated in the hospital.

"RIP, my darling precious gorgeous girl Olivia Campbell taken far far too soon," her mother Charlotte wrote on Facebook.

"Go sing with the angels and keep smiling mummy loves you so much."
Her mother said they had spoken two hours before the blast, adding, "She'd just seen the support act and said she was having an amazing time."

'Lovely young student'

Georgina Callander, believed to be 18, had been studying health and social care. Her school, Runshaw College in Lancashire, confirmed her death.

Her former school, Bishop Rawstorne academy, brought together students to pray for her and remember her life.

"Georgina was a lovely young student who was very popular with her peers and the staff and always made the most of the opportunities she had at the school," it said.

Friends waiting for daughters

Alison Howe, 45, and Lisa Lees, 47, from Oldham outside Manchester, were killed while waiting in the foyer to pick up their daughters, the Daily Mirror newspaper reported.

Their girls, both aged 15, are believed to be safe.

Howe's stepson Jordan Howe confirmed his stepmother's death on Facebook, writing, "They took a caring beautiful mum and step mother away from us all she was amazing to us all."

Polish couple

A Polish couple living in Britain were killed as they went to collect their daughters, Polish Foreign Minister Witold Waszczykowski said.

Polish media identified them as Angelika and Marcin Klis.

"The parents went to pick up their daughters after the concert and unfortunately this morning we received news that they did not survive the explosion," he told RMF Radio.

Waszczykowski said their daughters were unhurt.

'One in a million'

John Atkinson, 26, from Bury in Lancashire, was named by friends as one of those killed.

His Facebook account has been "memorialized" – a process only made possible by verified family members contacting the website directly.

John was "one in a million and loved by so many," wrote Hayley Turk, who organized an online fund for his family.

"A true gentleman," she added.

'Happiest she has ever been'

Kelly Brewster, from Sheffield, northern England, was confirmed as one of the victims by her partner, Ian Winslow.

"Kelly really was the happiest she has ever been and we had so many things planned together. My daughter Phoebe will be absolutely devastated like we all are," he wrote on Facebook.

Media reports indicated Brewster died shielding her 11-year-old niece from the blast.

Bright, popular teenager

Nell Jones, 14, died at the scene, her school in nearby Cheshire confirmed.

The teenager was a "very bright and popular student," said Holmes Chapel headteacher Denis Oliver.

'Delightful' pupil

Sorrell Leczkowski, 14, from Leeds, northern England, was "a delightful member of the school community", said Elaine Silson, the head of Allerton High School, in a letter to parents.

"Our staff and students are very upset," she said.

Leczkowski's mother Samantha and grandmother Pauline, who had 15 hours of surgery to remove shrapnel, are among the injured.

Waiting for friend's daughter

Jane Tweddle, 51, a school receptionist, was waiting for a friend's daughter when the blast happened, her friend Mark Taylor told BBC radio.

Jane Bailey, head of South Shore Academy in Blackpool on the Lancashire coast, said she a "truly wonderful friend and colleague." – Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – The Department of Health (DOH) on Thursday, May 25, said all its DOH-retained hospitals in Mindanao will remain fully operational following President Rodrigo Duterte's declaration of martial law.

"We are confident that our hospital personnel possess the necessary competence to carry out immediate measures, facilitate recovery efforts, and reduce the impact of any emergency event that may arise," Health Secretary Paulyn Ubial said in a statement.

The DOH said it stands by the provisions of the 4th treaty of the Geneva Convention, which outlines standards for humanitarian treatment in conflict areas:

Article 16. The wounded and sick, as well as the infirm, and expectant mothers, shall be the object of particular protection and respect.

Article 18. Civilian hospitals organized to give care to the wounded and sick, the infirm and maternity cases, may in no circumstances be the object of attack but shall at all times be respected and protected by the Parties to the conflict.

The department also urged "concerned sectors" to comply with the provisions of the Convention that require all armed combatants to "respect the nature of healthcare workers as non-combatants."

Upholding the rights and protection of hospitals, healthcare workers, and patients, according to the DOH, is key to minimizing harm against civilians.

Ubial assured the public that the DOH will not discriminate against any sector in the performance of its duty, "whether the patients be on the government side or otherwise, especially when it comes to health-related emergencies."

Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao on Tuesday, May 23, following clashes between the military and the Maute terrorist group in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. (READ: TIMELINE: Marawi clashes prompt martial law in all of Mindanao)

Up to 78 civilians were held captive by Maute members inside the government-run Amai Pakpak Medical Center on Tuesday. The military announced on Wednesday, May 24, that all civilians had been rescued and the hospital was already "cleared of Maute presence."

Duterte also said on Wednesday that he might expand martial law to the Visayas and Luzon if the threat of the Islamic State persists.– Rappler.com

UNITED NATIONS – United States President Donald Trump's plan for deep cuts to US funding to the United Nations would make it "impossible" for the world body to continue its work to advance peace, development, and human rights, the UN spokesman said Wednesday, May 24.

The US State Department has laid out plans to slash Washington's budget for diplomacy and foreign aid by more than 30%, including a dramatic cut of 60% of US funding for peacekeeping missions.

"The budget as it's proposed now would make it simply impossible for the UN to continue all of its essential work advancing peace, development, human rights, and humanitarian assistance around the world," said spokesman Stephane Dujarric.

The United States is the biggest contributor to the United Nations, paying 22% of the $5.4-billion core budget and 28.5% of the $7.9-billion peacekeeping budget. 

Last month, the US administration cut funding to the UN Population Fund, which provides reproductive health and birth control services in more than 150 countries.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres had criticized the US move, saying that the funding cut of $32.5 million could be devastating for the health of women and girls worldwide.

Guterres, who took over from Ban Ki-moon 5 months ago, has vowed to trim the UN bureaucracy and make the world body more effective in its responses to world crises.

The UN chief is "very conscious of cost-cutting" and has instructed all departments to look for ways to "spend money more wisely," said Dujarric. 

But he added: "We will need resources to deliver on our mandates."

UN officials cautioned that the budget proposal could undergo changes in the US Congress.

"I think we would want to see the conclusion of the budgetary process before we make any comment," said Atul Khare, an under-secretary-general for peacekeeping.

Last month, Trump urged UN Security Council ambassadors during a working lunch in Washington to take a close look at the UN budget, saying expenditures had "absolutely gone out of control."

But Trump added that if the United Nations showed results, he would back away from budget cuts "because you're talking peanuts compared to the important work you're doing." (READ: UN food agency hopes for continued U.S. funding)

The US president's budget proposal was released this week as the UN's budget committee began work in New York to approve expenditures for the 16 peacekeeping missions. 

The council has agreed to shut down peacekeeping missions in Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Haiti, and is expected to significantly draw down the joint operation with the African Union in Sudan's Darfur region. – Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – Congress, filled with President Rodrigo Duterte's allies, has no intentions of revoking the Chief Executive's declaration of martial law. (READ: Duterte says martial law due to ISIS threat)

That is according to Senate Majority Leader Vicente Sotto III, who added that Congress need not convene as they have no plans of junking the proclamation.

"We have no intentions of revoking, therefore we need not meet jointly. Wala akong alam (I am not aware) of any intentions to revoke," Sotto said in a text message on Thursday, May 25.

Sotto said it was the same general sentiment during the senators' caucus on Wednesday, May 24.

"Let the people monitor what's happening and let the Department of National Defense and the Department of the Interior and Local Government and Philippine National Police do its work unhampered by people like us," Sotto said, referring to discussions in the caucus.

Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III said he has not heard any objection so far.

"We have to determine the developing consensus although I haven't heard of any objection yet," Pimentel said in a text message.

Senate President Pro-Tempore Ralph Recto also said it is "highly unlikely" for Congress to revoke the martial law declaration.

"Highly unlikely for Congress to revoke proclamation. But we are waiting for the President's report to Congress. The report will be basis for any action to be taken," Recto said in a text message.

So far, only minority Senator Antonio Trillanes IV has openly opposed the proclamation, as he warned Duterte wants to put the entire Philippines under martial law next. (READ: Duterte eyes expanding martial law to whole PH)

Majority Leader and Ilocos Norte Representative Rodolfo Fariñas refused to say outright if the House of Representatives, filled with Duterte allies, will not revoke it.

"I do not want to preempt the meeting of the committee of the whole House. The 24 senators had their meeting already; we have not! Only the Speaker could make such a categorical statement at this time," Fariñas said in a text message to Rappler.

He added Congress has to act only if it would revoke the declaration. Otherwise, if there are no qualms, martial law will continue to be in effect.

"The Congress has to act only if it shall revoke such proclamation. If it is in favor of the proclamation, it does not have to act, but nothing prevents either or both Houses from expressing support," Fariñas told reporters.

The 1987 Constitution requires the President to submit a report within 48 hours of declaration to Congress, which has the power to either revoke or extend it through joint voting.

Malacañang transmitted Proclamation No. 216 to Congress late Wednesday night. But Pimentel said this is still different from the "report" mandated to be submitted to Congress.

"No. [The] report should contain the 'basis or ground/s' of the martial law declaration," Pimentel said.

Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao on Tuesday, May 23, following the clashes in Marawi City, saying the declaration might last from over a month to a year. He also said it would be similar to military rule under the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos, which was marred by corruption and human rights violations.

The 1987 Constitution, however, says the imposition of martial law should not exceed 60 days, and that any extension has to be approved by Congress.

The President also said he might declare martial law in the entire country if the threat of the Islamic State (ISIS) persists.

Crafted after the EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos in 1986, the 1987 Constitution highlights the role of other branches of government in the martial law declaration. The provisions are meant precisely to prevent grave abuse and stop another Marcos from tinkering with civil rights.

Duterte is the 3rd Philippine president to declare martial law since 1972, after Marcos and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who declared martial law in Maguindanao in 2009 after the Maguindanao massacre. – with reports from Mara Cepeda / Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – Human rights groups on Thursday, May 25, urged the military to exercise “utmost restraint” in implementing martial law in Mindanao.

Amnesty International called on security forces full comply with the country’s obligations under international human rights law, adding that they would be held accountable if these rights are violated.

“The authorities, including army commanders, must make it clear that military personnel of all ranks will not be exempted from prosecution for human rights violations committed when carrying out their duties,” it said in a statement.

President Rodrigo Duterte on Tuesday, May 23, declared martial law in Mindanao following clashes between the Maute Group and the military in Marawi City. He also said on Wednesday, May 24, he is considering expanding the declaration to cover the whole Philippines. (TIMELINE: Marawi clashes prompt martial law in all of Mindanao)

The Armed Forces of the Philippines had promised to respect basic human rights of Filipinos in the implementation of martial law. (READ: Robredo: 'Trust the AFP' in martial law implementation)

Human Rights Watch (HRW), however, referred to this as possible “wishful thinking” based on the notoriety of Philippine law enforcers especially under the Duterte administration.

“Given the lawlessness of Duterte’s war on drugs, in which the police and their agents have been implicated in the cold-blooded killing of more than 7,000 suspected drug dealers and users, military restraint in Mindanao may be wishful thinking,” HRW Legal and Policy Director Jim Ross said on Thursday.

Repeal suspension of habeas corpus

In a press briefing upon his arrival from Russia on Wednesday, Duterte said he was suspending the writ of habeas corpus in Mindanao. Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, a declaration of martial law does not automatically suspend it. 

Amnesty International called for Duterte to retract this announcement as it is very vulnerable to abuse. 

“This right is an essential safeguard against arbitrary deprivation of liberty, which under international human rights law is non-derogable, that is, it cannot be denied even in times of emergency,” it said. “President Duterte must therefore repeal this suspension immediately.”

Provisions in the 1987 Constitution explicitly cite the excesses of abuse during martial rule under the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos. For example, a state of martial law cannot override the function of both the judiciary and legislative branches of government. (READ: Martial Law 101: Things you should know) 

People are also still entitled to their rights such as right to life as well as freedom from torture, warrantless arrest, and illegal detention. (READ: Hate human rights? They protect freedoms you enjoy)

'Ghost of Marcos'

Duterte said, however, that his martial law is no different from that of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos, which was marked by corruption and human rights violations. 

This is a cause for alarm, according to HRW in a press statement titled, "Philippine President Duterte Summons Ghost of Marcos."

“For Filipinos who lived through martial law under Marcos, Duterte’s casual reference to the late dictator should be especially alarming,” Ross said. 

He said Duterte's "significant obstacle to becoming the next Marcos" is the 1987 Constitution, which means that it would now be up to the Congress and the courts to ensure that there will be no repeat of Marcos’ martial rule, considered a dark chapter in Philippine history.

“The coming days and weeks will see if the Philippine Congress and courts are up to the task of keeping a wildly abusive president in check,” Ross said. “Since Duterte took office nearly a year ago, they haven’t been.” – Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – The Department of National Defense (DND) ordered the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to uphold the rule of law and human rights in Mindanao, following President Rodrigo Duterte's declaration of martial law for the entire island.

In a memorandum to AFP chief of staff General Eduardo Año dated Wednesday, May 24, the DND noted that the declaration of martial law "does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplement the functioning of the Philippine judicial and legislative assemblies."

Section 18, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution says that the President may "in case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it" suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the country under martial law. It also states that martial law lasts for only 60 days, and any extension must be approved by Congress. (READ: Martial Law 101: Things you should know)

Duterte's Proclamation No. 216, signed on Tuesday, May 23, both declared martial law and suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in Mindanao. The proclamation was made following clashes between the military and Maute Group terrorists in Marawi City, Lanao del Sur. (READ: FAST FACTS: What you should know about the Maute Group)

"[The] rule of law and human rights should prevail in the place or part of the Philippines where the martial law was declared and effective," said the DND in its memo to the AFP.

"Any arrest, search, and seizure executed or implemented in the area or place where martial law is effective, including the filing of charges, should comply with the Revised Rules of Court and applicable jurisprudence," it also said.

Below is a copy of the DND memo.

Duterte warned on Wednesday that he will be "harsh" in implementing martial law, which he said "will not be any different" from the military rule under the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos. The Marcos dictatorship had been marred by human rights abuses and corruption. (READ: Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history)

Duterte also said he might expand martial law to include Luzon and the Visayas if the threat of the Islamic State (ISIS) persists. (READ: Maute Group waves ISIS black flag on Marawi streets)

Congress leaders have said it is unlikely that they will revoke Duterte's declaration of martial law for Mindanao. 

The 1987 Constitution highlights the role of other branches of government in the martial law declaration. The provisions are meant precisely to prevent grave abuse and stop another Marcos from tinkering with civil rights.

The Supreme Court may also review a martial law declaration following an "appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen." – Rappler.com

MANILA, Philippines – President Rodrigo Duterte will meet with top police officials led by Philippine National Police (PNP) chief Director General Ronald dela Rosa in Davao City on Thursday, May 25.

Duterte, who declared martial law in Mindanao on Tuesday, May 23, will meet with Manila-based police officials and all Mindanao regional directors, according to sources privy to the scheduled meeting.

They are expected to discuss the implementation of martial law in Mindanao.

Flying in from Manila are PNP Deputy Chief of Operations Deputy Director General Ferdinand Mendez, Directorate for Operations chief Director Camilo Cascolan, Directorate for Intelligence chief Director Gregorio Pimentel, and Special Action Force chief Director Benjamin Lusad.  

The 6 regional police directions will also be at the meeting.

Duterte, while in Russia for an official visit, placed Mindanao under martial law following clashes between government forces and suspected members of the terrorist Maute Group in Marawi City. At least two policemen and 5 soldiers were in the clashes.

On May 23, Marawi City residents posted photos of armed men littering the city and hoisting ISIS flags. That same night, at least 3 fires broke out in the city. 

The alleged Maute Group members also set free prisoners in at least two jails in the city.

The defense department has issued guidelines for the Armed Forces in the implementation of martial law. Written orders from Malacañang were only transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives Wednesday evening, May 24, or hours after Duterte arrived from Russia.

Under the Constitution, martial law may only be imposed up to 60 days. If the President wants it extended, Congress – which is dominated by Duterte's allies – needs to approve it. The Supreme Court may also review the basis for the declaration if a case is filed before it. (READ: Martial Law 101: Things you should know)

Duterte cited the Maute Group clash in Marawi and previous encounters in Mindanao as basis for his declaration. (READ: Duterte says martial law due to ISIS threat)

The President is also set to meet have a Cabinet meeting in Davao City at 4 pm on Thursday. – Rappler.com

MARAWI CITY, Philippines – Billows of smoke could be seen from the military camp in Marawi City Thursday morning, May 25, as another fire broke out from a distance.

Loud explosions were heard as firefight resumed between troops and alleged members of the Maute Group. More residents are seen on the road with their bags, fleeing the city. 

Later, choppers hovered over the area where the fire broke out. 

Residents of Marawi City have been told to stay home as clearing operations continue. 

"As troops go on street by street clearing, civilians should stay at their homes," said Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana in a text message.

Lorenzana said the target – Abu Sayyaf senior leader Isnilon Hapilon – may still be in the area. "Latest report last night says he is still there," Lorenzana said.

Western Mindanao Command chief Lieutenant General Carlito Galvez said the military needs a few more days to clear Marawi City of the presence of terrorist groups.

Clashes between troops and combined forces of local terrorist groups Maute Group and Abu Sayyaf on May 23 prompted President Rodrigo Duterte to declare martial law in all of Mindanao, which would last a maximum of 60 days. – Rappler.com

MOSCOW, Russia – The Philippines and Russia sealed a total of 10 deals after President Rodrigo Duterte's visit to Moscow, including an agreement on defense cooperation.

The signing of the deals by Philippine government officials took place on Wednesday, May 24, in Moscow, a day after Duterte flew back to the Philippines earlier than scheduled due to the Maute Group attacks in Marawi.

At the time of the signing by Philippine Cabinet officials, the deals were already signed by the concerned Russian ministers.

Foreign Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano led the signing ceremony in the presence of Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez, Agriculture Secretary Manny Piñol, Tourism Secretary Wanda Teo, and Science and Technology Secretary Fortunato dela Peña.

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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">Cabinet officials in Moscow, led by Foreign Sec Alan Peter Cayetano, sign various agreements with Russia. <a href="https://twitter.com/rapplerdotcom">@rapplerdotcom</a> <a href="https://t.co/unvgGQ9rdj">pic.twitter.com/unvgGQ9rdj</a></p>&mdash; Pia Ranada (@piaranada) <a href="https://twitter.com/piaranada/status/867424704935608320">May 24, 2017</a></blockquote>
<script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>{/source}

Among the deals signed was the Agreement on Defense Cooperation between the Philippines and Russia.

The agreement will pave the way for more exchanges between the Philippines' Department of National Defense and Russia's Ministry of Defense.

"The forms of cooperation will take the form of official visits, exchange and experiences in consultation, participation of observers in military training exercises, military port calls," said the Philippines' Ambassador to Russia Carlos Sorreta.

Duterte's request for a soft loan from Russia for the purchase of arms was not part of the defense deal.

Cayetano said the Russian government is open to providing such assistance but that the Philippine government will first have to send a "shopping list" of products it is requesting for.

Below is the list of the 10 agreements signed:

• Agreement on Defense Cooperation
• Tourism Joint Action Program 2017-2019 – Tourism departments of both the Philippines and Russia commit to promote each others' tourism industries and exchange best practices. 
• Memorandum of Understanding on Agriculture Cooperation – Agriculture departments of both countries agree to cooperate through research in agriculture and fisheries, processing and transportation of agriculture and fishery products.
• Agreement on Cooperation on Transportation–  Transportation departments of both countries agree to an exchange of technology and best practices. They agree to provide technical assistance and collaborate on research projects and host educational visits for each others' personnel.
• Protocol on Cooperation between the National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines and the Ministry of Culture for the Russian Federation – The parties agree to participate in international film and art festivals held in each other’s countries. They also agree to "consider the possibility" of holding events celebrating their culture in the other country – a day of Philippine culture to be celebrated in Russia or a day of Russian culture to be celebrated in the Philippines.
• Memorandum of Intent between Philippines' Department of Trade and Industry and Russia's Ministry of Economic Development – This deal aims to foster mutually beneficial trade and investment by information exchange on the investment environment in their countries, and by holding business missions and workshops.
• Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Industry Development – The two countries agree to promote ways for their respective industrial sectors to work together by, for example, helping Philippine or Russian companies becoming subcontractors for industries in the other country. 
• Memorandum of Agreement between the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines and the State Atomic Energy Corporation (ROSATOM) on the Use of Nuclear Energy for Peaceful Purposes – In this deal, ROSATOM agrees to share its knowledge and experience in the use of nuclear energy as a power source.
• Agreement on Exhange of intelligence information – Signed by National Security Adviser Hermogenes Esperon Jr and his Russian counterpart, this deal involves intelligence and security agencies of their countries exchanging information that could help in addressing security threats and arresting criminals.
• Plan of Consultations between the Philippines' Department of Foreign Affairs and Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs – The deal fosters more interaction between the various offices of the two parties, including those overseas. For instance, the United Nations offices of both countries can consult directly with each other.

– Rappler.com

MIAMI, USA – Not getting enough sleep can double the chances of dying from heart disease or stroke, particularly in people with risk factors like diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and cholesterol, US researchers said Wednesday, May 24.

The findings in the Journal of the American Heart Association were based on 1,344 adults who were randomly selected for a sleep study in Pennsylvania.

Participants' average age was 49, and 42% were men.

They were recruited to undergo a series of health screenings, and spend one night in a sleep laboratory.

Just over 39% were found to have at least 3 risk factors for heart disease, which when clustered together are known as metabolic syndrome.

These included a body mass index (BMI) higher than 30, elevated cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and triglyceride levels. 

Participants were followed for an average of 16 years. Some 22% died during that period.

Those with metabolic syndrome who slept less than 6 hours in the lab were 2.1 times more likely to die of heart disease or stroke than those who did not have at least 3 risk factors for heart disease.

"The short sleepers with metabolic syndrome were also 1.99 times more likely to die from any cause compared to those without metabolic syndrome," said the study.

The high-risk participants who got more than 6 hours of sleep faced a 1.49 times higher risk of dying than healthier subjects. 

Experts recommend that adults get at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night.

"If you have several heart disease risk factors, taking care of your sleep and consulting with a clinician if you have insufficient sleep is important if you want to lower your risk of death from heart disease or stroke," said lead author Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, an assistant professor at Penn State College of Medicine.

The study was described as the first to measure sleep duration in a laboratory setting, rather than relying on patient reports.

Researchers said it was also the first to examine the impact of sleep duration on the risk of death in those with multiple heart disease risk factors.

However, since the study was observational in nature, it stopped short of proving any cause and effect.

"Future clinical trials are needed to determine whether lengthening sleep, in combination with lowering blood pressure and glucose, improves the prognosis of people with the metabolic syndrome," said Fernandez-Mendoza. – Rappler.com

LOS ANGELES, USA – A California judge on Wednesday, May 24, issued an arrest warrant for yoga guru Bikram Choudhury after he failed to pay nearly $6.5 million to a former legal adviser in a sexual harassment case.

Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Edward Moreton also set bail at $8 million for the founder of the Bikram Yoga empire, which involves practicing yoga in sweltering rooms.

Choudhury was sued in 2013 by his onetime legal adviser Minakshi "Mikki" Jafa-Bodden, who accused him of sexual harassment, saying he fired her after she refused to help him cover up allegations that he raped a yoga student.

Ordered to pay $6.47 million in punitive damages in January of last year, he fled California shortly after the verdict, Jafa-Bodden's attorney, Carla Minnard, told AFP.

The guru – who had no attorney representing him in court Wednesday – first traveled to India and then Thailand and Japan before heading to Mexico, where he was served court papers in May, Minnard said.

"He is currently in Acapulco conducting teacher training classes," she said. "Our intent is to have him arrested before he leaves Mexico."

The 70-year-old Choudhury had managed to move some of his assets, including a fleet of luxury cars, to Nevada and Florida, but court orders were issued to prevent him moving property out of the country, Minnard said.

"We will keep pursuing him however long it takes, wherever it takes," she said. "I don't care where he goes, how much money it costs us, how many lawsuits we have to file, how many hundreds of hours we have to spend – we are going to collect on this judgment and see that Mikki gets justice."

Originally from India, Choudhury is said to have made a fortune after he moved to California.

He claimed during his trial that he was nearly bankrupt after spending millions of dollars in legal fees and because his business was no longer thriving.

His yoga routine involves 26 posture exercises performed over 90 minutes in a room heated to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). – Rappler.com

WASHINGTON, USA – A United States Navy ship has sailed in disputed South China Sea waters near a reef claimed by both Manila and Beijing in the first "freedom of navigation" exercise under US President Donald Trump, a US official said.

The USS Dewey sailed "less than 12 nautical miles" from Mischief Reef – part of the Spratly Islands – early Thursday morning local time, May 25, the official said.

The exercise is likely to provoke anger from Beijing as the Trump administration attempts to draw support from China on reining in Pyongyang. (READ: China feared to house missiles in PH's Mischief Reef)

China claims nearly all of the South China Sea, despite partial counter-claims from Taiwan and several ASEAN members including the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, and Vietnam. (READ: Demand rent from China for occupying PH reefs – analysts)

It has rapidly built reefs into artificial islands capable of hosting military planes.

The US has challenged annexations of these islets and advocated for a diplomatic settlement to the disputes.

In a statement, the US Department of Defense stressed that its Freedom of Navigation Operations program performs exercises that are "not about any one country, nor are they about making political statements."

According to the Pentagon, the US in 2016 conducted operations "challenging excessive maritime claims of 22 coastal states, including allies and partners." (WATCH: On board USS Carl Vinson: Show of force in the South China Sea?) – Rappler.com

SEOUL, South Korea – Pyongyang's state media on Thursday, May 25, published their first report on the trial of ousted South Korean president Park Geun-Hye two days earlier, calling her an "arch-traitor" and "bitch."

The Rodong Sinmun newspaper, the official mouthpiece of the ruling Workers' Party, printed an inside-page report headlined "Bitch Park Geun-Hye's shameless attitude sparks anger."

Conservative Park took a hard line against the nuclear-armed North during her time in office, earning her its enduring loathing and abuse. 

The official Korean Central News Agency regularly referred to her as the "witch of Chongwadae," the South's presidential palace known as the Blue House.

Rodong Sinmun cited media reports from the South for its article, which said Park had been arrested and indicted in "a scandal of an unpredented scale." (READ: From South Korean president to prisoner 503, Park in jail)

"A pathetic-looking bitch Park Geun-Hye who has been in jail after being kicked out of the Blue House as a result of mounting public anger and people's candlelight protests against the arch-traitor, was brought to the court by prison bus, handcuffed and wearing a prison number 503 on her chest," it said.

Park faces charges of corruption and power abuse, including accusations of taking or seeking bribes totaling 59.2 billion won ($52 million) for her friend Choi Soon-Sil or herself, most of which went to dubious, non-profit foundations which Choi controlled.

Park has denied all the charges– a stance reported by the Rodong Sinmun.

"South Korean news media revealed and harshly criticized the traitor's shameless attitude, reporting that after entering with her head up and stiff, she guiltlessly stared straight at the judges when she responded to a question about her occupation, saying she had none," it said.

The North is accused of widespread human rights abuses and when leader Kim Jong-Un's uncle was purged in December 2013 he was put before a military tribunal, sentenced to death for treason, and executed within days of being dragged out of a ruling party meeting. – Rappler.com