PARIS, France – For the first time in decades, skygazers are in for the double spectacle Monday of a swollen "supermoon" bathed in the blood-red light of a total eclipse.
The celestial show, visible from the Americas, Europe, Africa, west Asia and the east Pacific, will be the result of the Sun, Earth and a larger-than-life, extra-bright Moon lining up for just over an hour from 0211 GMT.
"It will be quite exciting and especially dramatic," predicted astronomer Sam Lindsay of the Royal Astronomical Society in London.
"It'll be brighter than usual, bigger than usual."
The Moon will be at its closest orbital point to Earth, called perigee, while also in its brightest phase.
The resulting "supermoon" will look 30%brighter and 14% larger than when at apogee, the farthest point – which is about 49,800 kilometres (31,000 miles) from perigee.
Unusually, our planet will take position in a straight line between the Moon and the Sun, blotting out the direct sunlight that normally makes our satellite glow whitish-yellow.
But some light will still creep around Earth's edges and be filtered through its atmosphere, casting an eerie red light that creates the "blood moon".
The Moon travels to a similar position every month, but the tilt of its orbit means it normally passes above or below the Earth's shadow – so most months have a full moon minus eclipse.
For people younger than 33, this will be their first-ever chance to see a "super blood moon".
The last, only the fifth recorded since 1900, was in 1982, according to the NASA space agency, and the next will not be until 2033.
If the weather holds, that is – the spectacle would not be visible behind cloud cover.
'Gloom and doom' Moon
On top of the wow factor, the event is also of great interest for researchers.
Over a 24-day cycle, the temperature on the surface of our satellite normally ambles between highs of about 121 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Fahrenheit) in direct sunlight, and lows around minus 115 celsius in the shade.
These changes help researchers study the composition of the crust, as rocks warm and cool slower than sand-like dust.
But on Monday, the eclipse will see that temperature shift happen much faster, over the duration of the eclipse – confining the observable change to the very outer surface, said Noah Petro, deputy project scientist for NASA's lunar orbiter.
"That almost instant change tells us about the upper few centimetres of the surface. We're getting a very fine, unique measurement of the uppermost surface," Petro told Agence France-Presse.
Monday's "blood moon" will be the last in a string of four total lunar eclipses since April 15, 2014, in a series astronomers call a tetrad.
These phenomena may be a normal part of the celestial calendar today, but for many ancient peoples it was an omen of bad things to come.
"Throughout history many cultures have en (eclipses) as being a sign of gloom and doom," Petro said.
They weren't always wrong.
In February 1504, explorer Christopher Columbus used a blood moon to trick Jamaican natives who had been feeding him and his men, but cut them off when relations turned sour.
Columbus knew a blood moon had been forecast, and warned the natives that his god would send an angry "sign" at their treatment of the newcomers.
Legend has it the natives came running with food as soon as the Moon turned red.
Unlike a solar eclipse, which creates the impression of a bright "ring" of light as the Moon passes before our star, there is no danger in watching Monday's lunar spectacle with the naked eye, the experts say. – Rappler.com