WASHINGTON, DC, USA – The battle lines have been drawn between President Barack Obama and Republican rivals in the Senate over filling a tie-breaking vacancy on the Supreme Court.
Both sides dug in hard this week over replacing Antonin Scalia, the conservative justice who died unexpectedly February 13.
Republicans in the Senate, which must approve any nomination, say that whoever is elected president in the November 8 presidential election should choose the new justice, while Obama says it is his constitutional duty to act now and pick a nominee.
Under the US Constitution, the president nominates judges for the lifetime position at the nation's highest court, and it is up to the Senate to approve or reject his choice.
Obama says he intends to put forward a candidate with impeccable legal credentials and that the Senate should perform its constitutional role of advice and consent, and not let politics stand in the way.
But Senate Majority leader Mitch McConnell says Republicans on the Judiciary Committee will not even meet with any appointee announced by the president, much less hold confirmation hearings or send the nomination to the Senate floor for a vote.
The two sides are refusing to budge because much is at stake: the Supreme Court's decisions shape American life to a large extent, and with Scalia gone the court is now evenly divided 4-4 between conservatives and progressives.
Conservatives fear Obama might name another liberal to tip the balance of what had been a conservative court when Scalia sat on the bench.
Lame duck president
The main Republican candidates for the presidency -- Donald Trump, Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio -- contend that tradition holds that an outgoing president abstains from naming Supreme Court nominees in an election year, like this one.
There have been exceptions, however, and in any event election year vacancies on the high court have been rare events.
Rubio has even called Obama a lame duck president, the derogatory term for a chief executive whose days are numbered late in his second term and can do little but manage the day to day runnings of government but make no major policy decisions.
But that characterization is wrong, said Melissa Hart, a law professor at the University of Colorador at Boulder.
"The notion that President Obama is a lame duck president is simply incorrect. A lame duck president is a president whose successor has been elected. President Obama's successor will not be elected for nine more months," she said.
What can Obama do to dodge the Senate blockade?
First, he can hope for a crack in the "no to any candidate" front, which does not sit well with moderates in the Republican Party or with voters.
"The result of the Senate refusing to consider any nominee whatsoever from President Obama for the remainder of his term is exceeding its constitutional power, because they are effectively asserting the authority to initiate or not initiate the nomination process, and this goes far beyond the authority they are given," said Edward Fallone, a law professor at Marquette University in Wisconsin.
"The Senate is in fact asserting a pre-nomination power when the Constitution only provides them a post-nomination power," Fallone said.
"To suggest that any president in the last year of his term should stop performing his constitutionnal duties is irresponsible," said Hart.
"And any senator who refuses to perform his or her constitutionnal duties is similarly irresponsible," she added.
A Republican candidate?
Obama will probably pick as justice someone so widely respected that it will be difficult for the Senate to snub him or her.
"I am going to present somebody who indisputably is qualified for the seat and any fair minded person, even somebody who disagreed with my politics would say would serve with honor and integrity on the court," Obama said Wednesday.
Names have been circulating for days, including that of attorney general Loretta Lynch, the first black woman to hold that job, and Jeh Johnson, secretary of Homeland Security.
Other less well know people also have been mentioned, such as Sri Srinivasan, a highly respected appelate judge of Indian origin.
Jeffrey Toobin, who wrote a book about the Supreme Court called "The Nine," calls Srinavasen "the Supreme Court nominee-in-waiting."
He has spent part of his career in private practice, and most of the rest in the office of the US Solicitor General, arguing cases before the Supreme Court for both Republican and Democratic administrations.
The Senate voted 97-0 to confirm his nomination to the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit in 2013.
Senate Minority leader Harry Reid has suggested Brian Sandoval, a moderate Republican who is now governor of Nevada.
If Obama does nominate him, Republicans would have to explain why they oppose someone from their own party. – Sébastien Blanc, AFP/Rappler.com