MILAN, Italy – Iranian President Hassan Rouhani arrives Monday, January 25, in Italy, beginning his first European tour since a nuclear deal saw sanctions lifted against the Islamic Republic.
The visit, whose chief aim is to boost economic ties and which will see Rouhani visit France later this week, had been planned for last November but was cancelled after the deadly jihadist attacks in Paris.
The 3-day trip comes a week after Tehran's deal with world powers came into force, allowing the United States and the European Union to lift economic sanctions in exchange for Tehran curbing its nuclear activities.
Tehran said Sunday, January 24, it will buy 114 Airbus planes to revitalise flag carrier Iran Air's ageing fleet – the first major commercial deal since sanctions were lifted – and the deal is expected to be signed during the Paris leg of the visit.
The Iranian leader has hailed the agreement as a "new chapter" for Iran as its economy returns to global markets.
After a working lunch with his Italian counterpart Sergio Mattarella, Rouhani will meet Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.
He is also to meet Pope Francis at the Vatican, in the first official visit by an Iranian president there since Mohammad Khatami in 1999.
Francis is due to urge Rouhani to put pressure on his Syrian ally President Bashar al-Assad and to seek improved relations with Saudi Arabia.
Heading a high-powered business delegation, Rouhani is also to speak at an economic forum.
Since 2012, trade between Iran and Italy has slumped from 7 billion euros (around $7.6 billion) to 1.2 billion euros a year.
But now sanctions have been lifted, Italian businessmen are eager to renew ties.
"Italy was Iran's leading economic and trade partner before the sanctions," Italian economic development minister Federica Guidi said a few months ago, seeking to ensure her country regains that position.
Fifty-eight percent (58%) of Italy's exports to Iran are in the mechanics sector, followed by chemical products at eight percent.
Focus on energy, infrastructure
In welcoming the Iranian leader, Europe is seeking to regain some of the business terrain it has lost in recent years to Russia and China and emerging economies such as Turkey.
Some 500 Italian entrepreneurs are expected to attend Tuesday morning's economic forum.
In November, deputy economic development minister Carlo Calenda led a large business delegation to Tehran representing 178 companies, 20 business associations and 12 banking groups.
Among the companies represented were energy giant Enel, petrol group Eni and cables manufacturer Prysmian.
A new delegation of Italian entrepreneurs is set to return to Iran in February, with a focus on the energy and infrastructure sectors, a ministry official said.
But the road to Iran's re-integration into the global economy will not be easy.
For major companies a priority is for Iran to be reconnected to the global network of SWIFT banking transactions to enable companies present in Iran to transfer funds directly, analysts say.
One area in need of urgent investment is the creaking oil sector.
Iran, which has the world's fourth-biggest oil reserves, has seen its production fall to less than 3 million barrels per day (bpd) since 2012.
Its oil exports have roughly halved to about 1.3 million bpd, from 2.5 million bpd in 2011.
Iran also has the world's largest reserves of gas and was the number 4 producer last year. – Céline Cornu, AFP / Rappler.com